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The Blood Cholesterol - Everyone Should Be Concerned . Are You Concern? Your Life May Depend On it! Don`t Take Changes!...
The blood cholesterol what we are talking about here will not mix with water. It needs help to travel throughout the blood stream. The help come from cholesterol HDL - high density lipoprotein. These packets of cholesterol are formed to help move cholesterol through the blood. HDL helps remove cholesterol from the body by transporting it to the liver. Another form of cholesterol is the LDL - low density lipoprotein. LDL does not help in the transportation of cholesterol out of the body. Instead it deposits cholesterol into the vessel wall. LDL molecules contain much more cholesterol than HDL molecules. How to Increase HDL - The Good Guys How to Decrease LDL - The Bad Guys Start an exercise program Decrease saturated fat intake Stop smoking immediately Maintain a good body weight Reduce your Weight Increase your intake of dietary fiber Be more active, move around Increase your aerobic exercise The total cholesterol/HDL ratio, is more indicative of cardiovascular disease than total cholesterol (TC). The amount of HDL and LDL in the blood are added together, this number for all practical purposes, indicates the amount of total cholesterol. If your HDL count is low the LDL count will account for the remainder of the total. For men an acceptable ratio of TC/HDL is 4.5 or below For women it is 4.0 or below. Ratio of total Cholesterol to HDL Risk Men Women Very low <3.4 <3.3 Low risk 4.0 3.8 Average risk 5.0 4.5 Moderate risk 9.5 7.0 High risk >23 >11 Triglycerides (mg/dl) < 130 Desirable < 150 Normal 200-499 High >= 500 Very High
Ratio of LDL to HDL Risk Men Women Very low 1 1.5 Average 3.6 3.2 Moderate 6.3 5.0 High risk 8 6.1 HDL levels have an inverse relationship with coronary heart disease. The ability of HDL to predict the development of coronary atherosclerosis has been estimated to be four times greater than LDL and eight times greater than Total Cholesterol. Treatment is recommended for those with a HDL level below 40 mg/dL. An HDL of 60 mg/dL is considered protection against heart disease. New MNR imaging tests assess the size of LDL particles. Small LDL particles are associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. NCEP Blood Lipid Guidelines Adults 20 years and older should undergo cholesterol screening (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides) every 5 years. Blood samples should be obtained after fasting. LDL Cholesterol (mg/dl) <100 Optimal 100-129 Near Optimal 130-159 Borderline High 160-189 High > 190 Very High Total Cholesterol (mg/dl) <200 Desirable 200-239 Borderline >=240 High risk HDL Cholesterol (mg/dl) <40 Low (undesirable) >60 High(desirable) High or elevated circulating cholesterol reduces the cells ability to make its own cholesterol. This happens when the production of HMG CoA reductace which interrupts a step in the biosynthic pathway of cholesterol is turn off. Incoming LDL derived cholesterol promotes the storage of cholesterol in the cell. This is done by activating ACAT which reattaches a fatty acid to excess cholesterol molecules. This results in the formation of cholesterol esters, that are deposited in storage droplets. The accumulation of cholesterol within the cell drives a feedback mechanism which stops the cells synthesize of new LDL receptors. The cell adjusts its receptors, resulting in only enough cholesterol is brought in to supply its needs. In the case of Familial Hypercholesterolemia, which is an inherited mutant gene, causes the absence of LDL receptors. High circulating levels of LDL are found caused by an increased production and a decrease in the removal of LDL. This condition (Familial Hypercholesterolemia) ultimately leads to high blood cholesterol and heart attacks in the young. Exogenous fat transport begins in the intestine where dietary fats are packaged into lipoprotien particles called chylomicrons. Chylomicrons enter the bloodstream and deliver their triglyceride to adipose tissue and muscle. The remnant of chylomicrons is removed from the arculation by the liver. Endogenous fat transportation begins when the liver secretes a Very Low Density Lipoprotien particle (VLDL). When a VLDL particle reaches the capillary of muscle or adipose tissue, its triglyceride is extracted leaving a Intermediate Density Lipoprotien (IDL). Half of the IDL particles are removed from circulation by the liver within two to six hours of their formation. The remaining IDL transform into Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) which circulate for approximately two and a half days before binding to LDL receptors in the liver and other tissues.
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